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| Pennings, Joost M.E.; Garcia, Philip; Irwin, Scott H.. |
| Heterogeneity, i.e., the notion that individuals respond differently to economic stimuli, can have profound consequences for the interpretation of behavior and the formulation of agricultural policy. This paper compares and evaluates three grouping techniques that can be used to account for heterogeneity in financial behavior. Two are well established: company-type grouping and cluster analysis. A third, the generalized mixture regression model, has recently been developed and is worth considering as market participants are grouped such that their response to the determinants of economic behavior is similar. We evaluate the grouping methods in a hedging framework by assessing their ability to reflect relationships consistent with theory. The empirical... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Economic behavior; Heterogeneity; Hedging; Methods; Risk and Uncertainty; A10; B40; C1; D0; G0; L2; Q13. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114787 |
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| Brugnaro, Ricardo; Bacha, Carlos Jose Caetano. |
| This paper analyses the evolution of agriculture’s participation in the US gross domestic product (GDP) from 1960 to 2001. An econometric model is run in order to identify the main variables that determine this participation. From 1960 to 2001, there is a downward trend of agriculture’s participation in the US GDP with a break from 1971 to 1973, in other words, agriculture’s participation in the US GDP decreased from 1960 to 1970, increased from 1971 to 1973 and decreased again from 1973 to 2001. The 1971-1973´s break in the downward trend of agriculture’s participation is econometrically proved. Dataset organized in graphs show grain and meat production steadily enlarged from 1970 to 2001, what is closely related to the productivity increase and federal... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: GDP; Agriculture importance; Econometric model; The USA; Agribusiness; Q10; A10. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61243 |
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| Roucan-Kane, Maud; Ubilava, David; Xu, Pei. |
| The objective of this paper is to determine how the firm's infrastructure, the financial characteristics of a company (net income, sales), and the organizational structure (number of acquisitions, age of establishment of the firm) affect R&D investments in the agricultural sector. We use data for companies under the SIC codes for agricultural chemicals, and crop planning and protection. The results based on analysis of 69 observations of 12 firms revealed that firm's financial and organizational infrastructure does affect its R&D expenditures. Older and larger firms tend to spend more on R&D. During the last 17 years the R&D expenditures with respect to the sales of the company have been reduced. Finally, contrary to the expectations,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: R&D; Agriculture; Chemicals; Crop planning; Crop protection; Agribusiness; Agribusiness; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A10; O32; Q16. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7332 |
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| DiPietro, William R.; Anoruo, Emmanuel; Sawhney, Bansi. |
| Since the highest income groups have tremendous influence over economic policy by virtue of money, position, and connection, it is important to identify the interest of these groups with regard to economic conditions. Recently, annual time series data on the shares of the very highest income groups have become available for the French economy. Using this new high-income share data for France, this paper examines the potential relationship between the income shares of the very highest income groups and four macroeconomic variables including the inflation rate, the interest rate, the unemployment rate, and the extent of trade. To be specific, this paper investigates the extent to which the four macroeconomic variables affect the highest income shares. The... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Income inequality; Interest rate; Unemployment rate; France; Fully modified OLS; International Development; A10. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50275 |
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